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The TCP/IP model developed in 1970s by DARPA an agency of US department of defense. Which describes a set of general steps and protocols to be used for communicating with each other over the network.

Description

• Designed to communicate across the globe.
• Consists of four separate but related layers.
• Each layer performs specific functions and then passes result to another layer.
• Each layer defines the process of moving information across a network.
• Request of data moves from the top application layer to the bottom link layer and reverse happens at the receiving end.
• Uses - whatever you do on the internet like browsing, chatting, mailing, online games and other lots of services are handled by the TCP/IP.

Diagram

Following diagram describes the flow of data, layers and data unit.

Layers

• 1. Link Layer
• 2. Internet Layer
• 3. Transport Layer
• 4. Application Layer

A detail of each layer is explained in further points of this chapter.